Peptic Ulcer Disease: What is it?

What is Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Peptic ulcer disease is a condition where open sores form in the lining of the stomach or the upper part of the small intestine. These sores are called ulcers. Most often, they develop due to damage from stomach acid. Peptic ulcer disease is also known as stomach ulcers or gastric ulcers. Many people want to know the causes of peptic ulcer disease and how to spot peptic ulcer symptoms. Understanding this condition can help you seek care early and avoid complications.

Common Symptoms

Peptic ulcer symptoms can vary. However, some signs are more common than others. If you notice these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor. Early treatment can prevent problems.

Burning pain in the stomach, often between meals or at night

Feeling full, bloated, or gassy

Nausea or vomiting

Loss of appetite or weight loss

Dark or black stools (a sign of bleeding)

Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

Sometimes, people have mild symptoms. But, in some cases, ulcers can cause serious problems like bleeding or a hole in the stomach wall.

Main Causes and Risk Factors

There are several causes of peptic ulcer disease. Most ulcers are due to infection with a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Another common cause is regular use of pain medicines called NSAIDs, like ibuprofen or aspirin. However, other factors can increase your risk.

H. pylori infection

Frequent use of NSAIDs

Smoking

Drinking alcohol

High stress levels

Family history of ulcers

Although spicy foods and stress do not directly cause ulcers, they can make symptoms worse. According to the CDC and WHO, H. pylori infection is the leading cause worldwide.

How Peptic Ulcer Disease is Diagnosed

If you have symptoms of peptic ulcer disease, your doctor will ask about your health and medicines. Next, they may suggest tests to confirm the diagnosis. Early diagnosis helps prevent serious problems.

Blood, breath, or stool tests to check for H. pylori

Upper endoscopy (a thin tube with a camera looks at your stomach)

Barium swallow X-ray (you drink a special liquid before X-rays)

Doctors use these tests to find ulcers and their cause. Sometimes, a small tissue sample (biopsy) is taken during endoscopy to check for infection or cancer.

Treatment Options

Treatment for peptic ulcer disease depends on the cause. Most ulcers heal with medicine. However, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice closely.

Antibiotics to treat H. pylori infection

Medicines to reduce stomach acid (like proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers)

Stopping NSAIDs or switching to safer pain relief

Medicines to protect the stomach lining

In rare cases, surgery may be needed if ulcers do not heal or cause serious problems. According to the CDC, most people recover well with proper treatment.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

There are steps you can take to lower your risk of peptic ulcer disease. Even after treatment, these tips can help prevent ulcers from coming back.

Wash your hands often to avoid H. pylori infection

Limit use of NSAIDs and use the lowest dose needed

Do not smoke

Limit alcohol

Eat a balanced diet with fruits and vegetables

Manage stress with healthy activities

Although you cannot control all risk factors, these steps can help protect your stomach. If you have a family history of ulcers, talk to your doctor about your risk.

Conclusion

Peptic ulcer disease is a common condition, but it can be managed with the right care. If you notice symptoms or have risk factors, do not wait. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on peptic ulcer disease.